Insights on the Global Galacto-oligosaccharide Market 2020-2024 | COVID-19 Analysis, Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities and Threats

South China Morning Post
China-US tensions: new American defence chief calls on Japan and South Korea to team up in Indo-Pacific
Newly appointed US defence secretary Lloyd Austin has called on key Asian allies to work with the United States in the Indo-Pacific, part of efforts to boost defence ties in the region as its intense rivalry with China looks likely to continue.Austin, who was sworn in on Friday, did not name China but said the US opposed “any unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the East China Sea” and reaffirmed to his Japanese counterpart Nobuo Kishi that the US military would respond to any attack on the Senkaku Islands under the US-Japan security treaty. The Senkakus are uninhabited islets in the East China Sea controlled by Japan but claimed by China and known as the Diaoyu Islands in Chinese.It was the first high-level phone call between Japan and America since US President Joe Biden took office and Austin urged Kishi to “strengthen Japan’s contribution to the role the alliance continues to play in providing security in the Indo-Pacific region”, the Pentagon said on Saturday.Get the latest insights and analysis from our Global Impact newsletter on the big stories originating in China.In a call on Sunday, Austin told South Korean counterpart Suh Wook that close cooperation between the two allies was important, and the two sides “affirmed the importance of maintaining the rules-based international order, and agreed to enhance cooperation on shared threats”, the Pentagon said.The two calls followed a phone conversation between new US national security adviser Jake Sullivan and his South Korean counterpart Suh Hoon on Friday, when Sullivan said the South Korea-US alliance was a “linchpin” of peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region.The exchanges with America’s most important allies in Asia come as the Biden administration, in response to China’s geopolitical posturing, is moving to renew the US alliance network, which was hurt by former US president Donald Trump’s “America first” policy.While Austin is believed to lack experience in the Indo-Pacific, he has pledged to focus strategically on China and Asia. In his confirmation hearing last week he said mending alliances and focusing strategically on China would be high on his agenda. The retired four-star army general and former commander of the US military effort in Iraq is the first African-American to serve as defence secretary. Diaoyu/Senkaku islands disputeChinese observers said the calls suggested the Biden administration would seek to counter Beijing’s growing influence in the region through its alliance network.Chen Xiangmiao, an associate research fellow with the National Institute for South China Sea Studies in Hainan, said Beijing could come under increasing pressure.“The pressure may not be limited to the military sphere but could extend to China’s relations with its neighbours in Southeast Asia, which are now a high priority in its diplomatic strategy,” Chen said. “The South China Sea may also become an issue in China’s bilateral relationships.”Song Zhongping, a Hong Kong-based military commentator, said Washington may seek the support of more countries to isolate China.“It could target countries like Japan, South Korea, the UK and even Australia and India,” Song said.Military tensions between China and the US have continued to rise in the first few days of the Biden administration. On Saturday, the US Indo-Pacific Command said a US aircraft carrier group led by the USS Theodore Roosevelt entered the South China Sea where it was “conducting maritime security operations, which include flight operations with fixed and rotary-wing aircraft, maritime strike exercises and coordinated tactical training between surface and air units”.Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian on Monday said the US frequently sent aircraft and vessels into the South China Sea to “flex its muscles” and that this was “not conducive to peace and stability in the region”.According to the SCS Probing Initiative, a Beijing-based think tank, a US Air Force reconnaissance aircraft left its base in South Korea and entered the South China Sea on Monday morning, while at least nine other American military aircraft were spotted over the South China Sea on Sunday.“It can be expected that during the presence of the aircraft carrier Roosevelt in the South China Sea, all kinds of US military aircraft activities will continue,” the think tank said on Weibo, China’s Twitter.Biden has not yet outlined his Indo-Pacific policy but earlier named long-time Asia expert Ely Ratner as special assistant to the defence secretary on China matters. Observers said the appointment was likely to mean a competitive approach to China.Earlier on Saturday, Austin also spoke with British Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace and they “exchanged views on confronting strategic issues of mutual interest, including the Covid-19 response, concerns from a rising China, threats from Russia and ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan”, according to the Pentagon. Japan and Britain schedule security talks, aiming to counter China in Indo-PacificIn a move that could fuel tensions in the region, Britain has agreed for its Queen Elizabeth carrier strike group to take part in a joint deployment with the US military this year. A joint declaration signed last week enables the deployment of US Marine Corps and navy personnel and equipment – including a detachment of F-35B Lightning II aircraft and USS The Sullivans guided-missile destroyer – as part of a combined carrier strike group to be led by HMS Queen Elizabeth, according to the Pentagon.While details of the joint deployment are not clear, British defence officials, including former defence secretary Gavin Williamson, hinted earlier that the Queen Elizabeth would be deployed to Asia and the South China Sea.In 2019, Williamson said the region would be where China was “developing its modern military capability and its commercial power”. The comments angered Beijing, which warned London not to interfere in the region and said the South China Sea “should not become a battleground for big power competition, or a sea full of roaming warships”.Royal Navy amphibious assault ship the HMS Albion had sailed close to the China-claimed Paracel Islands in the contested waterway the previous year, a move Beijing called “a provocative action”.Chen said while is was likely the US would try to boost its alliances to apply pressure on Beijing, it remained to be seen how successful the strategy would be. He gave the example of South Korea, which may refrain from pushing Beijing on the South China Sea, especially given that China is the largest trading partner and closest ally of the North.Japan, however, saw China as a strategic rival and the waterway as a critical trade and energy supply route, so would be more likely to harden its position, he said.“China will have to step up efforts to stabilise relations with its [Southeast Asian] neighbours while pushing forward negotiations on the South China Sea code of conduct, because on this issue it is the countries in the region that really matter,” Chen said.The US has stepped up freedom of navigation patrols in the South China Sea in recent years to counter Beijing’s ambitions in the region, calling on allies to join it. Beijing has condemned the operations, saying they complicate the situation.More from South China Morning Post: * The JL-3: the new missile ‘raising the cost’ of a US fight with China * US-China relations: Washington urges Beijing to stop pressuring Taiwan after reports of airspace incursion * US-China tension: preventing war ‘relies on conversations between their militaries’This article China-US tensions: new American defence chief calls on Japan and South Korea to team up in Indo-Pacific first appeared on South China Morning PostFor the latest news from the South China Morning Post download our mobile app. Copyright 2021.
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South China Morning Post
SMIC urges China’s chipmakers to embrace advanced packaging as Moore’s Law slows nanometre node progress and US sanctions bite
Chinese chip makers should focus on developing advanced packaging technologies to overcome their weakness in nanometre process nodes, according to Chiang Shang-yi, the former TSMC R&D; director recently recruited by Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC).Chiang, SMIC’s executive director and vice-chairman, said future breakthroughs for the country’s integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing industry would come from advanced packaging techniques that can cram more circuits into smaller packages, a necessary requirement as Moore’s Law inches towards its physical limits.The remarks, Chiang’s first in public since joining the company in December, could signal a shift in focus at the Shanghai-based wafer foundry which has seen its prospects for closing the technology gap with much bigger rival Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) dimmed by US sanctions.Get the latest insights and analysis from our Global Impact newsletter on the big stories originating in China.Last year, Chiang resigned from a failed Wuhan chip fab, calling it a “nightmare” experience, and was recruited soon after by SMIC. After retiring as TSMC’s R&D; director, he stayed on to head up a speciality chip packaging business that was acquired by the Taiwan foundry giant.Chiang’s comments were made at the closed door China IC Conference earlier this month and first reported over the weekend by Moore News, a Chinese semiconductor industry website that was the official media partner of the event.SMIC did not immediately reply to a request for comment. What’s next for Beijing’s biggest chipmaking champion after US blacklisting?The appointment of Chiang triggered a boardroom clash at SMIC, with co-CEO Liang Mong Song, his former lieutenant at TSMC, threatening to quit after complaining he was not informed of the decision in advance. However, Liang is still with the company, according to stock filing posted on SMIC’s website.Chiang told the IC conference that he has been fascinated by the development of advanced packaging over the past decade and believes that the technology will be crucial in the post Moore’s Law era. In 1965 Gordon Moore, who would later co-found US chip maker Intel, predicted the number of transistors on an IC would double roughly every two years. Moore’s Law has held since despite many experts predicting it would hit a brick wallAnalysts said SMIC will need to combine IC packaging and wafer foundry expertise to remain competitive in the industry, especially after the US sanctions blocked its access to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing equipment from US and European suppliers.“SMIC is likely to develop both advanced [wafer processing] nodes and chip packaging,” said Eric Tseng, chief executive of Taiwan-based semiconductor analysis firm Isaiah Research.SMIC’s strategy under US sanctions may be to focus on mature processes but use advanced packaging technologies to boost the performance of its chips, Tseng said.Today’s most advanced chips are produced with the 5-nanometre manufacturing process. Only two companies – Samsung and TSMC – are able to produce 5nm chips in volume. Smaller nanometre process nodes are important, especially for consumer electronics products such as smartphones, because they boost circuit performance and reduce power consumption.Gu Wenjun, chief analyst at Shanghai semiconductor research firm ICwise, agrees that it would be pragmatic for SMIC to focus on older nodes amid the US restrictions because there is still robust demand for mature foundry services from China’s domestic semiconductor design companies.Chiang told the 400 industry delegates at the IC conference that the global semiconductor industry was facing bottlenecks in continuing to push ahead with advanced nanometre nodes given the huge investments required, coupled with the reduction in number of clients that require the most advanced chips.Only a handful of high-volume IC products would need to be made using advanced nodes, he said.A new wafer fab capable of 5nm production is expected to cost US$15 billion, twice as much as the earlier generation 14nm fabs operated by SMIC, according to data from International Business Strategies, cited by SMIC in its recent prospectus.Other speakers at the IC conference echoed Chiang’s view. “The single-minded development of advanced process nodes will be more difficult,” said Wu Hanming, dean of the School of Micro-Nano Electronics at Zhejiang University, adding that there was plenty of market potential for mature nodes.The so-called back end operation, also known as outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT), is the final stage in the highly complex chipmaking process and has traditionally been handled by specialist factories in Asia.This is not the first time SMIC has taken an interest in the packaging side of the industry. In 2014, it established a joint venture SJ Semiconductor Corp with China’s JCET Group, the third largest OSAT company after ASE of Taiwan and Amkor of South Korea. JECT’s sales accounted for 11.3 per cent of the global semiconductor packaging and testing market, versus 30.5 per cent for ASE and 14.6 per cent for Amkor, according to JCET’s 2019 annual report.Advanced semiconductor packaging is moving from substrate platforms to silicon wafers in a paradigm shift that is providing opportunities for foundry leaders like TSMC and Samsung Electronics, according to analysts.More from South China Morning Post: * China’s No 1 chipmaker SMIC gives ex-TSMC veteran top role, highlighting need for pragmatism amid push for home-grown tech * US blacklists about 60 more Chinese firms including top chip maker SMIC and drone manufacturer DJI * Chinese chip-maker SMIC reports record high revenue but warns US export curbs have delayed some equipmentThis article SMIC urges China’s chipmakers to embrace advanced packaging as Moore’s Law slows nanometre node progress and US sanctions bite first appeared on South China Morning PostFor the latest news from the South China Morning Post download our mobile app. Copyright 2021.
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South China Morning Post
South China Sea: Chinese military deploys ballistic missile’s launchers for training
China has deployed a large number of launchers for its new advanced intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) to the country’s eastern and western areas for intensive training, as it and the United States continue their posturing over the disputed South China Sea.Satellite images by Maxar Technologies showed the Chinese military had deployed many DF-26 IRMB launchers to a training site in Shandong province in the east, according to a report by the Washington-based Federation of American Scientists (FAS) on Thursday, adding it was the first time it had seen the DF-26 operating in the area.Last week, Andrei Chang, editor-in-chief of the Canada-based Kanwa Defence Review, said in a YouTube video that China’s Rocket Force had deployed about 16 launchers for the DF-26 IRBM to its Qingzhou base in Shandong and another in Korla, in the far-western Xinjiang region.Get the latest insights and analysis from our Global Impact newsletter on the big stories originating in China.Chang had said the locations put India – with which China has been involved in a months-long border stand-off – within its range and posed a threat to the United States’ naval base in Yokosuka and other military outposts in Japan.The DF-26 IRMB is a mobile-road ballistic missile armed with a conventional or nuclear warhead with a range of 5,000km (miles).Chang said China had built two huge warehouses for the DF-26, indicating large deployment to the border area, but Chinese military expert Zhou Chenming said the DF-26 was in Korla for training, given the “missile shooting range in the uninhabited Gobi desert”. Zhou added: “It’s not the first time the DF-26 has been there, but the first time pictured by satellites.”Zhou said the powerful DF-26 was not needed to deal with India, while the Qingzhou base in the east was “just the rocket force’s training school”.Given its range, Zhou said DF-26 missiles could target foreign warships if they entered Chinese sea territory.“But China would not deploy the DF-26 to the front line and coasts, because it would be more easily found and destroyed by the US’ ship-borne tomahawk missiles,” he said. South China Sea: the dispute that could start a military conflictThe US has stepped up its presence in the disputed East China Sea and South China Sea in the past two years. It has sent two aircraft carrier strike groups and an expeditionary strike group to the region for freedom of navigation operations since last week, according to the US Navy.Military commentator and former People’s Liberation Army instructor Song Zhongping said: “China’s ultimate goal is to expel US aircraft carriers as far as possible.”In a test in August, China’s Rocket Force launched a DF-26 missile from its northwestern province of Qinghai to target a moving ship in the South China Sea.The DF-26 has previously been deployed to at least four other locations in China, according to the FAS and Chang.More from South China Morning Post: * China-US tensions: new American defence chief calls on Japan and South Korea to team up in Indo-Pacific * China-India border dispute: troops saw ‘minor’ clash amid ninth round of talks to resolve row * US, Japan defence chiefs vow closer ties amid China’s activities in South, East China seasThis article South China Sea: Chinese military deploys ballistic missile’s launchers for training first appeared on South China Morning PostFor the latest news from the South China Morning Post download our mobile app. Copyright 2021.
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‘Chimney effect’ may be spreading Covid-19 at large private housing estate in Hong Kong, health expert says
A leading microbiologist is looking into how Covid-19 has spread in one of Hong Kong’s largest middle-class private estates, with the “chimney effect” possibly vertically transmitting the virus.Built in the early 1990s, Laguna City, in Lam Tin in Kwun Tong, is one of the city’s earliest large-scale private housing estates, consisting of 38 blocks and more than 8,000 residential units.Similar to Taikoo Shing, the estate is home to many middle-class families and professionals, overlooking Victoria Harbour.Get the latest insights and analysis from our Global Impact newsletter on the big stories originating in China.A partial evacuation order was issued for Block 5 on Monday after at least 10 cases had emerged in the building over the past two weeks, mostly in flat “E” across multiple floors.Two security guards at the estate have also been confirmed as carrying the virus, with one living on Reclamation Street in Yau Tsim Mong, which is also battling outbreaks.The district was home to 14 of the 73 new cases revealed by health authorities on Monday. Thirteen were discovered after more than 7,000 residents in one neighbourhood in Jordan were locked down and screened over the weekend.Leading microbiologist and government health adviser Professor Yuen Kwok-yung from the University of Hong Kong inspected the housing estate on Monday and said the security guard who lived on Reclamation Street might have brought in the virus.He also noted a family of four living in flat E on the 16th floor, all confirmed as infected, held a gathering on January 9 and at least one guest had been found to have the virus.The Department of Health has issued quarantine orders to all asymptomatic residents of E units and units combining with E units on all floors of Block 5, and is to transfer them to quarantine centres, while symptomatic residents would be sent to hospital. Hong Kong retail body predicts coronavirus-linked slump will continueYuen said the virus might be spreading through vertical transmission as six cases were tied to households in the E units on the 15th, 16th, and 17th floor.Although he found no “obvious gross leakage” in the building’s drainage system, residents in every E flat in the block would have to be quarantined as a precaution.“We feel that there’s a need to evacuate the residents in order to protect them, because they may be now exposed to infected aerosol which might be going up by the chimney effect in the lightwells or in the pipes,” he said.The Post has contacted Citybase Property Management, which manages Laguna City, for comment.Meanwhile, a resident surnamed Wong, who lives in Block 28, said there were multiple notices plastered near lifts and entrances around his block. They range from the management’s disinfection measures to home quarantine guidelines.“So far no one in my block has got [the virus],” he said. “I’ll be more worried if someone living there gets it.”Of the city’s latest cases, 69 were locally transmitted, while 38 were untraceable, and the remaining four involved arrivals from the Philippines, Belarus, Pakistan and India. More than 60 people also tested preliminary-positive.Eight involved residents in Sham Shui Po, including six who live in an area placed under tighter mandatory testing conditions, whereby a single case in a building triggers screening for all residents. Testing was ordered for two buildings on Yu Chau Street.A resident of Kin Ling Elderly Home on Ferry Street in Jordan was also confirmed as infected, forcing about 20 residents and up to six staff members into quarantine.“There is only one case so far and she is wheelchair-bound, so she usually does not leave the residential care home except for follow-ups or admission to hospital,” said Dr Chuang Shuk-kwan, head of the Centre for Health Protection’s communicable disease branch. “The source of infection may be from other staff, other residents or even visitors, but we still need to investigate.”Also among the latest cases was a traditional Chinese medical practitioner who works in Smiling Shau Kei Wan Plaza. One patient, a doctor with the Department of Health, tested preliminary-positive.Health authorities revealed three nurses at Queen Elizabeth Hospital tested preliminary positive. Three wards at the hospital have been closed for cleaning, and nine other nurses have been listed as close contacts.“We appeal to the Hong Kong citizens to try to avoid going to the accident and emergency department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital because of minor symptoms,” Dr Lau Ka-hin, a chief manager at the Hospital Authority, said.Separately, adult patients at the AsiaWorld-Expo community treatment facility could choose to receive traditional Chinese medical treatment in addition to Western medical treatment starting on Tuesday, said Rowena Wong, chief of the Hospital Authority’s Chinese medicine department.“Based on our observations and studies we obtained from mainland China, we believe that Chinese medicine can help relieve some symptoms of Covid-19,” she said.Compulsory screening will also be required at Block 6 of Tung Fat Building in North Point after infections were reported in two flats.Hong Kong’s coronavirus tally stands at 10,158 cases, with 170 related deaths. The latest fatality was a 94-year-old female patient who died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in the early morning.Additional reporting by Chan Ho-him and Thomas ShumThis article ‘Chimney effect’ may be spreading Covid-19 at large private housing estate in Hong Kong, health expert says first appeared on South China Morning PostFor the latest news from the South China Morning Post download our mobile app. Copyright 2021.
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The United States has rejected Hong Kong’s request for a dispute settlement panel at the World Trade Organization (WTO) over Washington’s decision to label goods made in Hong Kong as “Made in China”.Hong Kong made a request at a meeting of the WTO’s dispute settlement body in Geneva on Monday, a trade source familiar with the meeting told the South China Morning Post.The Hong Kong government had confirmed earlier in January that it would file the request, after US authorities “failed to offer a substantive response” to a complaint filed to the WTO on October 30.Get the latest insights and analysis from our Global Impact newsletter on the big stories originating in China.At Monday’s meeting, the United States’ delegation said it was not in a position to support the panel request, given that it is currently transitioning to a new administration.In response, Hong Kong said it had taken the political situation in the US into account, but still considered it necessary to proceed with its panel request.Hong Kong’s delegation told the meeting that the measures were “blatantly discriminatory and fail to recognise that Hong Kong is a separate customs territory and a WTO member in its own right”.The representative added that it placed “unnecessary burden” on Hong Kong businesses, claimed that it caused “confusion and concern” to consumers and the markets, and undermined the “Hong Kong brand”.They added that rules of origin should not be used to “obtain a political end”, according to the source.It is common for recipients of complaints to reject panel formation requests at the WTO in the first instance, when such requests must be passed by consensus, with defendants effectively holding power of veto.But in the second instance, the requirement is flipped, with consensus against the panel’s formation required to block it. Hong Kong can now request an extraordinary meeting of the dispute settlement body, or wait for the next scheduled meeting of the body on February 22, at which point it is likely the request will be granted.The dispute arose after a July executive order signed by former US president Donald Trump, which ended Hong Kong’s special trading status in the eyes of the US. This executive order on “Hong Kong normalisation” was in response to Beijing’s imposition of a sweeping national security law on Hong Kong targeting acts of secession, subversion, terrorism and collusion with foreign forces.In August, a notice appeared on the US Federal Register requiring that Hong Kong-made goods be relabelled as “Made in China” if they are to be permitted entry to US ports, a move designed to underscore the financial hub’s status as “just another Chinese city”. After some delay, this eventually came into effect in November.In a note filed with the WTO on January 14, the Hong Kong government laid out seven rules of the global trading architecture that it accuses the US of flouting. It is widely thought among trade scholars that the US will lodge a defence on national security grounds, as it has done in many previous cases.Some analysts were puzzled by the timing of Hong Kong’s request, with the documentation filed six days before the inauguration of new US President Joe Biden, and the official request and rejection coming five days after.“There is a new administration and a new US Trade Representative (USTR) coming in, and we know they are likely to move away from some of the unilateral measures of the past,” said Rambod Behboodi, a Geneva-based trade partner at law firm King & Spalding. “It would be usual to allow some breathing room and let things settle down. But this request will solidify the USTR position – now they have to take a stance on this, so it seems curious.”Biden has nominated Katherine Tai to take the USTR role, vacated by Robert Lighthizer, a staunch critic of the WTO. If confirmed, Tai is expected to build some bridges with the Geneva body, even if she is likely to maintain the push to reform many of its key functions.On Monday, Bloomberg reported that the Biden administration was “not yet ready to engage in a debate” over how to restore the WTO’s Appellate Body, the final court of appeal which was effectively killed by Washington refusing to confirm appeals judges.One would think Hong Kong would be trying to ingratiate itself with the Biden administration, this does the oppositeBryan Mercurio, CUHKNonetheless, by requesting the case, Hong Kong is forcing the new US administration to take a position on the matter less than a week after the inauguration.“I am more than a little surprised at the timing – even if I am still sceptical whether it will proceed to a full panel. One would think Hong Kong would be trying to ingratiate itself with the Biden administration. This does the opposite,” said Bryan Mercurio, a trade law professor at Chinese University of Hong Kong.There was US$471 million worth of Hong Kong-made goods shipped to the US in 2019, the last available annual figure. This was 7 per cent of locally made exports, but just 0.1 per cent of total exports, most of which are re-exports sent to and from China.Nonetheless, a strong lobby has built up among the city’s business community in support of litigation in Geneva, with a host of manufacturing associations and chambers of commerce arguing it was a blow to brand and product reputation.More from South China Morning Post: * Hong Kong pushes WTO to form panel over ‘Made-in-China’ labelling row after ‘disappointing’ US response * Proud to be ‘Made in Hong Kong’, but factories replace labels to meet Tuesday deadline for Trump’s new rule * Hong Kong takes ‘Made in China’ label row with US to World Trade OrganizationThis article US rejects Hong Kong request for WTO panel over ‘Made in China’ labelling row first appeared on South China Morning PostFor the latest news from the South China Morning Post download our mobile app. Copyright 2021.
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